According to Elsevier, "peer review has been a formal part of scientific communication since the first scientific journals appeared more than 300 years ago" (Elsevier, 2015). The peer-review process substantiates the elements and legitimacy of scientific research articles and journals. The peer-review process works this way; Step 1, a scientist, completes the study, then writes a report (article) detailing the sample of individuals studied, the methods of data collection, and the results of the investigation.

The complete article can be found at

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356148814_Brain_and_Behavior_Research_Neuralink

The BDMA (brain disease model of addiction) postulates that addiction is a brain disease caused and made worse by substance use and abuse. The substances taken by the individual damages brain activity and systems involved in reward and pleasure-seeking. According to Volkow, MD, ‘the evidence supports that BDMA “helped deliver more effective treatment and impact public policy’ (Volkow, N.D., & Koob, G., 2015).

The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352371845_Models_of_Addiction_and_the_Assessment_Process

The National Association of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselors (NAADAC) states, 'I shall refrain from using any methods that could be considered coercive such as threats, negative labeling, and attempts to provoke shame or humiliation' (Perkinson, 2016, p. 816). It is my final analysis that negative labeling has no place in the addiction assessment nor treatment process. I believe that negative labeling leads to stigmas. Stigma is discrimination against an identifiable group of people, place, or nation.

The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352371625_Implications_of_Labeling_Words_Hurt

According to Perkinson, 'In time, the addict's brain adapts to the point that he or she cannot get high and cannot get sober. This is when addicts feel hopeless, helpless, and powerless, and their lives are unmanageable. This is when many of them commit suicide or come in for treatment' (Perkinson, 2016, p. 2), and the addictions assessment can begin.

The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349776454_Steps_of_Addictions_Assessment_Processes

A description of two examples from the scenario, 'Starting the Process' (2012b), that demonstrates how a female professional addiction counselor followed and did not follow, the APA and NAADC ethical codes and principles.

The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349776338_Ethical_Codes_and_Principles_in_Addictions_Assessment_Examples

Intelligence is first the acquisition and then the application of the knowledge in the form of abilities. For example, a student goes to medical school to acquire medical knowledge and competencies to become a doctor. However, medical education alone does not make the student a doctor. But, once the medical student demonstrates medical Intelligence, that when their medical practice begins. Thus through the practice (i.e., demonstration of medical Intelligence), the student becomes a doctor..

The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343863111_Environmental_and_Biological_Effects_on_Intelligence_and_Achievement_Stress

Parenting styles are essential because they affect child development in many ways. For example, parenting style can influence a child's biological (healthy diet) and psychological (behavior). According to Morin, A. "The way parents interact and discipline their child will influence them for the rest of their life" (Morin, 2019, P. 1).

The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343837966_Attachment_and_Child-Rearing_Style

The scope of this article is to encourage discussion concerning Developmental Milestones: Infants and Toddlers with Cognitive Developmental Disabilities. The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343084595_Developmental_Milestones_Infants_and_Toddlers_with_Cognitive_Developmental_Disabilities

The scope of this article is to encourage discussion concerning the environmental factors that affect infant development. The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342912068_An_Infant_Case_Study-Sam

The scope of this article is to encourage discussion concerning the environmental and genetic impact on fetal development caused by drinking and stress. The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342611511_Environmental_and_Genetic_Impact_on_Fetal_Development_Drinking_and_Stress

The scope of this article is to examine the contribution of classical theorists to contemporary developmental theorists: Using a cognitive-Developmental and developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective. The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342490875_The_Contribution_of_Classical_Theorists_to_Contemporary_Developmental_Theorists_Cognitive-Developmental_and_Developmental_Cognitive_Neuroscience

The scope of this article is to encourage intellectual conversation concerning ethics and the geriatric population. The geriatric population adds to civilization a valuable knowledge base, experiences, and leadership. As a culture, we must operate together to produce a continuum of care, protection, and goodness-of-fit ethics when planning and conducting research amid this valuable and vulnerable population. The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339484891_Research_and_Ethics_in_Psychology_Geriatric_individuals

This article is about the Humanistic psychological perspective. This article also explains how nature-nurture and bio-psycho-social factors contribute to human behavior according to the Humanistic view. Finally, this article analyzes the interplay between biology and the environment and how they can impact human behavior. The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339596210_Psychological_Perspectives_and_Determinants_of_Behavior_Humanistic_Approach

This article considers how the role of cognitive and social-emotional processes impact the lifespan development of humans. The cognitive-development process and the social-development process of users of the Kim Kardashian: Hollywood app and the Kim Kardashian animated avatar are analyzed. The effects upon the cognitive-development processes of the user, such as thinking and communication, are explained. Furthermore, the social-emotional development process, such as beliefs of oneself in relationship to the Kim Kardashian animated avatar, is also illustrated. The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339721630_How_Processes_Affect_Your_Development_Kim_Kardashian_Hollywood

This article examines how Bandura’s bobo doll experiment shaped the development of social learning theory. The limitations in the design of the bobo doll study are also distinguished. Note, until now the study continues to evolve the social learning theory as more researches build upon it. Therefore, no study is truly finite as new knowledge based upon its foundation is created - hence study limitations. Nevertheless, the limitations of one study often result in additional studies, The complete article can be found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339943782_How_Theory_and_Research_Are_Connected_Bandura's_Bobo_Doll_Experiment